Help for One of the Most Perplexing Dementia-Related Behaviors

As a family caregiver, you might have noticed some perplexing dementia-related behaviors, such as attempting to eat non-food items like napkins, dirt, or small objects. While these actions may be concerning, they are part of a phenomenon known as pica, which is surprisingly common in individuals with dementia.

Pica involves the compulsion to ingest substances that aren’t food, such as paper, soap, or fabric. It’s typically associated with children or those with nutritional deficiencies, but it can also occur in older adults suffering from cognitive impairments. Understanding why pica occurs and how you can respond effectively will help ensure your loved one’s safety and comfort.

Why Does Pica Occur in Dementia?

The effects of dementia on the brain can lead to behaviors like pica, which may arise from several factors:

Cognitive Decline: As dementia progresses, the brain becomes less able to identify what is edible, leading to confusion about what can and cannot be consumed.

Sensory Cravings: Some individuals with dementia experience increased oral stimulation needs or a desire for certain textures.

Nutritional Shortages: A lack of important nutrients such as iron or zinc can cause cravings for non-food items.

Hunger or Dehydration: If a person isn’t consuming enough food or water, they may try to eat anything nearby to satisfy hunger or thirst.

Medication Effects: Certain medications may alter taste perception or increase appetite, triggering cravings for unusual substances.

Emotional Triggers: Anxiety, stress, and boredom are all emotional factors that may contribute to pica, as individuals with dementia may resort to eating non-food items as a coping mechanism.

How to Handle Pica When Caring for Someone with Dementia

If your loved one with dementia attempts to eat something non-edible, it’s important to handle the situation with care. Here are some strategies to consider:

Keep Calm and Avoid Scolding. It’s natural to feel upset, but responding with anger or frustration will only make the situation worse. Calmly remove the item and redirect their attention to something else.

Ensure Proper Nutrition. Hunger can trigger pica, so make sure your loved one is eating balanced meals regularly. Providing foods with various textures might also reduce the urge to eat non-food objects.

Remove Non-Food Items from Reach. To avoid the risk of them eating something dangerous, store items like paper, coins, and small household objects in secure locations.

Offer Chewable Alternatives. Giving them something safe to chew, such as sugar-free gum or a soft snack, can help satisfy their oral needs.

Address Nutritional Deficiencies. If pica is a new behavior, talk to a doctor to rule out any nutritional deficiencies. Blood tests can help determine if there’s a need for dietary adjustments or supplements.

Keep Them Engaged. Boredom and anxiety often lead to pica. Try to engage your loved one in meaningful activities like folding laundry, gardening, or listening to music to distract them from the urge to eat non-food objects.

How We Can Help

At Responsive Home Care, we understand the challenges that come with caring for a loved one with dementia. If pica or other behaviors are becoming difficult to manage, our team is here to offer support. Serving Parkland, Deerfield Beach, Fort Lauderdale, and throughout Broward County, we’re ready to assist your family in any way we can. Contact us at 954-486-6440 for professional help.